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For decades it was believed that the old cells dedifferentiated at the cut ends of the planarian to form a regeneration blastema, a collection of relatively undifferentiated cells
Salamanders accomplish epimorphic regeneration by cell dedifferentiation to form a regeneration blastema, which in this case is an aggregation of relatively undifferentiated cells derived from the originally differentiated tissue that then proliferates and redifferentiates into the new limb parts (FIGURE 22.17; see Brockes and Kumar 2002; Gardiner et al. 2002; Simon and Tanaka 2013).
Bone, dermis, and cartilage just beneath the site of amputation contribute to the regeneration blastema, as do satellite cells from nearby muscles (Morrison et al. 2006).
Hence, unlike the flatworm, which formed its regeneration blastema from adult pluripotent stem cells, much of the salamander limb's
regeneration blastema appears to arise from the dedifferentiation of adult cells followed by cell division and the redifferentiation of those cells back into their original cell types.5
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